高一英语必修四第一单元课文|人教版高一英语下册第一单元知识点：Healthy eating

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很多同学反映高中英语比初中英语难学，这是为什么?为什么要学习这门课程?学什么?怎样学?接下来将围绕这些问题讲解高一英语下册第一单元知识点。

人教版高一英语下册第一单元知识点：Healthy eating

【Healthy eating知识点】

一、课文背景知识

随着社会的不断进步,人们对吃什么以及怎么吃也越来越讲究。过去，人们主要的奋斗目标是一天三餐饭能吃饱就不错了。现在，人们不仅吃主食而且还吃零食以补充所需的养料。十多年以前，人们争着在街上买肥肉，然而，今天街上的肥肉没人要，因为肉制品多了，因为生活水平提高了，更因为人们更加了解了体内所需的营养物质。人们开始选择健康的食品。如果我们要跟上现代生活的步伐，我们最好学会正确的选择吃什么以及怎么吃。商店的事物各种各样，我们不得不进行多项选择。当我们选择我们想要买和想要吃的东西的时候，我们最好想一想这些食物是否提供了我们所需的营养。但是，事实上，我们做出的选择不仅是营养方面的。许多人今天的饮食习惯是信什么吃什么。饮食习惯成了我们信仰中不可分割的部分：素食主义者有的认为不吃肉身体要更健康些，有的则是不主张杀动物为食者。另外一些严守素食主义者则根本不吃动物制品，甚至连酸奶酪和鸡蛋都不吃。我们对产品作出的选择还决定于生产和加工方式，要是环保性的或者说是生态性的食物，是厂家用绿色而有清洁的方式生产出来的食物。有机蔬菜是指生长过程中没有使用对人体和环境有害的化学药品的蔬菜。因为我们有如此多的东西供选择，因此许多商家对我们吃什么就提出

了一些建议。书刊杂志和电视媒体向我们介绍不同保健类型需要的食物和药品，然而，真正比较好的选择是花时间和钱买好的食品并且保持饮食的平衡，多锻炼。

人们应该更多地了解自己的身体以及我们身体所需的养料，以便我们对生活中所面临的机遇和挑战有充分的准备。

二、疑难详解

1. Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was.

我们在选择吃的东西方面，现在不像过去一样简单了。

[问]as在此处作何解释?

[答]作连词，表示比较。又如：My hometown is no longer the same as it was. 我的家乡同过去不一样了。

2. if we want to keep up with the high pace of modern life, we had better learn to make the right choices about what and how we eat. 如果我们要跟上现代生活的步伐，我们最好学会正确的选择吃什么以及怎么吃。

[问]如何分析此句?

[答]这里if引导的是条件状语从句，we had better ...是主句，what and how we eat 是宾语从句做about的宾语。keep up with 赶上，跟上，had better最好。

3. When we choose what to buy and eat, we had better think if the food will give us the nutrients we need. 当我们选择我们想要买和想要吃东西的时候，我们最好想一想这些食物是否提供了我们所需要的 营养。

[问]这个句子中有三个从句，对吗?

[答]对。when...， 是时间状语从句;if...是宾语从句;we need是定语从句。

4. Some nutrients help build our body and amke it stronger. 一些食物有助于我们增强体魄。

[问]build our body and make it stronger 一起做help的宾语吗?

[答]是的。

5. Caicium, which is found in eggs, milk and other dairy products, is good for our bones and teeth.

[问]which is found in eggs, milk and other dairy product 是定语从句吗?

[答]是的。而且引导词which在从句中作主语，代替calcium。

6. Other nutrients help keep our body functioning well. 其他的营养物有助于我们的身体正常运转。

[问]function在这里作动词吗?

[答]是的。在这里“起作用”等的意思。

7. But the choices we make are not just about nutrion. 但是，我们做出的选择不仅是营养方面的。

[问]we make 又是定语从句?

[答]是的。make choices 是“作出选择”的意思。引导词which/that 作宾语，可以省去。

8. Eating habits become part of who we are: people become vegetarians either because they believe it is healthier not to eat meat or because they so not think we should kill animals for food.

饮食习惯成了我们信仰中不可分割的部分;素食主义者有的认为不吃肉身体要更健康些，有的则是不主张杀动物为食者。

[问]这么长的句子，怎么分析?

[答]主句是：Eating habits become part of who we are. Eather..., or... 引导两个because 原因状语从句。

9. We also make choices based on how the products are grown or made: environmentally friendly foods, or "eco-foods", are made by companies who have tried to use green and clean ways to make the foods. 我们对产品的作出的选择还决定于生产和加工方式，要是环保性的或者说是生态性的食物，是厂家用绿色而又清洁的方式生产出来的食物。

[问]此句是否定语从句中套定语从句。

[答]对。that are grown without chemicals 做vegetables 的定语;that can be harmful to human beings and the environment 做chemicals 的定语。

11. If our diet includes foods from all the food groups, in the right amounts, we so not have to buy any supplements. 如果我们食物品种多，数量恰当，我们就不需要买任何补给品。

[问]请解释此句中的if结构和do not have to 相当与need't。

12. The same goes for "crash diets" that some companies say will make us lose weight fast. 对于一些公司所宣称可以让我们减肥的减肥餐也如此。

[问]that some companies say will make us lose weight fast 起什么作用?

[答]定语从句。that 在从句中作主语代替“crash diets"。

13. Instead of eating expensive diet foods or going on unhealthy diets, we can simply try to eat less fat and sugar and exercise more. 我们不需要去吃那些昂贵的固定饮食或者不健康的饮食， 只需要少吃脂肪和糖， 多锻炼就行了。

[问]请问intead of 介词短语?

[答]instead of 是介词短语， 表示“代替”的意思。

14. The best way to make sure that we will feel and look fine is to develop healthy eating habits. 保健的最好方式是养成健康的饮食习惯。

[问]这句话的主句究竟是什么?

[答]The best way is to develop healthy eating habits 是这句话的主句 to make sure that we will feel and look fine 不定式短语做定语， 修饰the best way.

15. We ought to learn more about our body and the fuel it needs so that we can make sure that we are well prepared for the challenges and opportunities in life.

我们应该更多地了解自己的身体以及我们身体所需的养料， 以便我们对生活中所面临的机遇和挑战有充分的准备。

[问]so that 是什么意思?

[答]so that 是“以便”的意思，常引导结果状语从句。

16. That means that sandwich or a salad is a good choice, but a chocolate bar or a bag of patato chips is not. 也就是说，要选择三明治和色拉之类的而不是选择巧克力和炸土豆条。

[问]如何分析此句句子 成分?

[答]“That" 是主语， “mean" 是谓语， 后面整个that引导的两个并列从句是宾语，第二个从句“is not" 后省略了a good choice.本单元高考热点归纳与拓展[/page]

三、本单元高考热点归纳与拓展

[概述]

本单元重点语法是 had better，should 和 ought to 等情态动词的用法。象其他的情态动词一样，had better， should 和 ought to 后面跟动词原形。ought to 与 should 都表示“应该”的意思。had better 表示“最好”的意思。如：You had better get some rest.你最好休息一会儿。You had better not eat fruit that isn't ripe. 你最好不要吃没有成熟的水果。You should/ought to be careful with fruit. 你们应该小心水果。You should not/ought to eat so much junk food. 你不应该吃这么多垃圾食品。

[经典解析]

例：1.I didn't hear the phone. I_____asleep. (1989年全国高考题)

A. must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been

简析:答案B。从 didn't 可知是过去的事情。“当时我一定睡着了”。表示对过去的事情进行肯定推测要用must+have+动词的过去分词。而 shuold have been asleep 则表示过去该睡着而没有睡着，与前面的意思不相符。

例：2.He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy. (1990年全国高考题)

A: might have given B: might give C: may have given D: may give

简析:答案A。从was可知是对过去的事情表示推测，应该用情态动词+have+动词的过去分词，排除B、D。根据“当时他非常忙”的事实，他可能给你更大的帮助的可能性很小，所以选 might 比选 may 好。

例：3.—Could I borrow your dictionary?

—Yes，of course you_____. (1992年全国高考题)

A.might B.will C.can D.should

简析:答案C。文句中用 could 是委婉地提出要求，答句中从 of course 可知道，应该非常肯定地同意，所以用can。

例：4.It's nesrly seven o'clock. Jack _____be here at any moment. (1995年全国高考题)

A.must B.need C.should D.can

简析:答案C。must一定;need需要;should可能，该;can能。

例：5.—write to me when you get home. (2001年春季高考题)

—_____.

A.I must B.I should C.I will D.I can

简析:答案C。前者发出请求。后者表示应允“我会的”。will用于第一人称，表示有意识的行动，表现为意愿，意志等。

透视情态动词的考试不仅如此，在阅读等方面，它会经常出现。掌握情态动词的用法关系到我们能否正确理解文章大意的问题，直接影响着我们的做题。本单元生词详解[/page]

四、本单元生词详解

1. sweet [swi:t]adj. 填的，甜味的;芳香的，新鲜的;悦耳的，动听的;亲切的，温柔的，温和的;惬意的//n. 糖果;甜食;布丁;(餐后的)一道甜食

例：The foowers sweet. 这些花闻起来香。

How sweet the music sounds! 这音乐多么美妙动听!

What a sweet girl! 多么可爱的小姑娘!

Chocolates and coffees are sweets. 巧克力和咖啡豆都是糖果。

[记忆技巧]联想记忆：表示味道的词sour酸的;bitter苦的;salty咸的;peppery甜胡椒味的

2. French fries 炸薯条

例：He likes to eat French fries. 他喜欢吃炸薯条。

[记忆技巧]对比记忆;美式英语French fries; 英式英语potato chips.

3. mushroom [5mQFrum]n. ( 食用)蘑菇，洋菇;急速成长之物;突然发迹之人，暴发户//adj. 雨后春笋般的，急速成长的//vi. 采集蘑菇;急速生长(发展)

例：fried[fraid]v. fry 的过去式和过去分词//adj. 油煎的，油炸的

例：She has an fried egg for her breakfast. 她早餐吃了一个煎蛋。

[记忆技巧]同义词联想记忆：wastes 废物;junk 废物

[常用词组]a junk heap 废物堆

6. fat fAt adj. 肥大的，肥胖的//n. 脂肪;油脂，油

例：He's fat because so much. 他身体胖，因为吃得太多了。

He is getting fat. 他在发胖。

I don't like fat meat. 我不喜欢吃肥肉。

They have a lot of fat under their skin. 他们的皮肤下面有很多脂肪。

Butter and margarine are fats. 黄油和人造黄油都是脂肪。

[记忆技巧]反义词对比记忆：fat肥大的，肥胖的;thin瘦的

[常用词组]a fat job 好差事/a fat man 肥胖的人。

7. vitamin[5vaitEmin]n.维生素

例：Oranges contain vitamin C: 橘子含有维生素C。

8. snack [snAk] n.小吃 例如：I'm not hungry but I'd like a snack. 我并不饿，不过我倒喜欢来点小吃。

[记忆技巧]人身体各个部位归纳记忆：head 头;hand 手;waist 腰

10. fever[5fi:vE]n. 发热，发烧//(通常指)狂热，激动

例如：My fever is gone, but I still have a cough. 我的烧已经退了，但还有点儿咳嗽。

He has a fever and a temperiture of 38.5 degree.他发烧，体温38.5摄氏度。

I am in a fever of excitement. 我十分兴奋。

11. salad [5sAlEd]n.色拉(西餐中的凉拌菜)

例如：He dislikes salad. 他不喜欢吃凉拌菜。

[记忆技巧]菜肴联想记忆：salad; fried chicken 油煎鸡肉

12. peach[pi:tF]n. 桃子

例如：Mother put the peaches in her basket. 母亲把桃子放在篮子里。

There is a peach tree near the house. 那所房子附近有课桃树。

[记忆技巧]水果类联想记忆：apple; banana'pear;peach 等

13. ripe[raip]adj.熟的, 成熟的

例：Autumn is a busy season, and the crops are ripe. 秋季是繁忙的季节，庄稼成熟了。

A green banana is not ripe enough to eat. 青香蕉没成熟，不能吃。

Soon ripe, soon rotten. 早熟则早老。

[常用词组]ripe lips 红润的嘴唇/ripe beauty 成年的美女

14. ought[C:t]aux. 应该;应当;该会;理应

例：As a Party member, you ought to give the lead. 作为党员，你应该带头。

This word ought to be done at nice. 这项工作应该马上就做。

We ought to be hearing from them soon, then. 这么说，我们大概不久就可以接到他们的信了。They ought to be go now, oughtn't they?他们应该走了，对吗?

Bruce is the fastest runner, so he ought to win the race. 布鲁斯跑得最快，所以他该会赢得这场赛跑的。

He said he ought ot write an article about it. 他说他该为这写一篇文章。

[记忆技巧]情态动词联想记忆：ought to 应该;should 应该;must 必须;may可以;can能够，could，might等

15. examine[i^5zAmin]vt. 检查;细看;对...进行考试;询问;查问;对...进行审查

例：All the machines will be examined. 所有机器都将被检查一遍。

I examined the door and found that it was locked. 我检查这个门，发现它上了琐。

He examined the boys in English. 他考孩子们的英语。

The teacher will examine the class on everything they have learnt this year. 教师要考学生今年学过的所有知识。

He was examined by the police. 他被警察查问。

16. soft [sCft]adj. 软的，硬度低的;柔嫩的，光滑;(颜色)淡的，柔和的;模糊的，听不清;软弱的，温和的;不含酒精的

例：My shirt has a soft collar. 我的衬衣领子是软的。

Wood is softer than stone. 木头比石头软。

This cloth is made of soft silk. 这布料是用光滑的针织成的。

I was satisfied with the soft colour of the room. 我对房间的柔和颜色很满意。

We felt the first soft wind of spring. 我们感到了春天的第一阵和风。

She speaks in a soft voice. 她说话的声音很柔和。

Lemonade is a soft drink. 柠檬水是一种不含酒精的饮料。

[记忆技巧]联想记忆：近义词gentle; 反义词hard硬的。

17. bar[bB:]n. (固定在门窗上的木质或金属)棒;(门、窗的)格子;(门的)横木;栅栏。同步练习题[/page]

【同步练习题】

一、请根据各句上下文的意义，选择正确的单词填入空白处。

第一组：limit, strength, fiber, mutton, slim, diet, gently, glare, energy, roast

1 He pushed against that big stone with all his _________.

2 We call the meat from a fully grown sheep _________.

3 Mary has been on a _________ for weeks but still hasn’t lost any weight.

4 The two men in the fight _________ at each other.

5 I prefer _________ chicken to stir-fried chicken(油爆鸡).

6 Those players are resting on the grass to save up ________ for the next match.

7 The old man patted me on the head _________ and said, “Just keep up good work.”

8 You can make yourself thin by eating _________ foods

9 Vegetables are rich in _________.

10 There is a time _________; you must finish it in 30 minutes.

第二组：item, curiosity, packet, digestion, weakness, benefit, combine, research, balance, cucumber, customer, mushroom, sigh

11 The letter was not addressed to me but I opened it out of _________.

12 The child had a good _________, for he is hungry again 20 minutes after lunch.

13 You will _________ a lot from morning exercises.

14 The scientists are __________ into ways of improving people’s diet.

15 __________ and __________ are vegetables but not fruit.

16 “Oh, the match is lost this time. Hope we’ll have better luck next time,” she _____.

17 The waiters in the restaurant all know me-I am a regular _________.

18 Don’t be particular about food. A __________ diet is very important for health.

19 Hydrogen __________ with oxygen to form water.

20 It is very important to know your own strengths and _________.

21 The man is really a chain smoker; he smokes three _________ of cigarettes a day.

22 Please listen to that _________ of news; it has a lot to do with our job二、把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处(注意所填短语的形式变化)：

ought to throw away get away with tell lies get rid of earn one’s living in debt

1 Jack is addicted to gambling(赌博) and he is __________ to many of his friends.

2 Sometimes it takes days to __________ a cold.

3 As students we _________ devote our time to studies.

4 Never believe in those who like _________.

5 Granny Li used to _________ by selling newspapers.

6 If you do something wrong you cannot _________ it.

7 You can _________that old chair, for it is beyond repair.

答案：

一 第一组：1 strength 2 mutton 3 diet 4 glared 5 roast 6 energy 7 gently

8 slimming 9 fibre 10 limit

第二组：11 curiosity 12 digestion 13 benefit 14 researching 15 Cucumbers; mushrooms 16 sighed 17 customer 18 balanced 19 combines 20 weaknesses 21 packets 22 item

二 1 in debt 2 get rid of 3 ought to 4 to tell lies 5 earn her living 6 get away with 7 throw away

同学们是不是有着聪明的头脑呢?接下来，高一英语下册第一单元知识点来供同学们练习从而巩固自己所学过的知识，大家一定要认真做哦，更多请点击【高一英语知识点】栏目!

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